JIKUM: Jurnal Ilmu Komputer menerbitkan artikel dalam Bahasa Indonesia yang akan diterbitkan 2 kali setahun yaitu periode Mei dan Nopember. Penulis yang mengirimkan naskah pada JIKUM: Jurnal Ilmu Komputer harus mengikuti pedoman penulisan, fokus dan ruang lingkup jurnal, serta template jurnal. Apabila naskah yang dikirim tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan tersebut, maka artikel akan ditolak. JOURNAL IDENTITY Journal Name JIKUM: Jurnal Ilmu Komputer e-ISSN 3090-739X (Online - Elektronik) SK:3090739X/II.7.4/SK.ISSN/06/2025 Prefix DOI 10.62671/jikum Language Indonesia Chief Editor T. Sukma Achriadi Sukiman, S.Kom, M.Kom | Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia Citation Analysis Google Scholar ; Sinta
LEMBAGA KAJIAN PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN DAN LINGKUNGAN (LKPPL)
Implementasi Konsep Fungsi Dalam Perancangan Basis Data Sederhana Pada Sistem Informasi Akademik
Academic data management that is not designed with a good database structure often results in data duplication, inconsistency, and difficulties in system maintenance. This study aims to apply the concept of functions, specifically functional dependencies, in designing a simple database for an academic information system that includes data on students, lecturers, courses, study plan cards (KRS), and grades. The research method used is descriptive, with the stages of needs analysis, Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) design, functional dependency analysis between attributes, normalization to third normal form (3NF), and implementation and testing in MySQL. The results show that the application of the function concept successfully identified six main functional dependencies that form the basis for the formation of five normalized tables: Students, Lecturers, Courses, KRS, and Grades. Query testing on the resulting database showed no data redundancy and all insertion, update, and deletion anomalies were avoided. This study concludes that the function concept is an important foundation in designing an efficient and consistent relational database in small to medium-scale academic information systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naura Hazirah, Musanna, Putri, Yusnidar, Maila (Author)
Implementasi Analisis Data Akademik Menggunakan Teori Himpunan dan Algoritma Clustering
Processing academic data in large-scale higher education institutions requires a structural approach to facilitate analysis and decision-making. This study examines the application of Set Theory in discrete mathematics for grouping academic data of new students at Universitas Malikussaleh (UNIMAL) who passed the 2026 National Selection Based on Test (SNBT) and their eligibility status for the Kartu Indonesia Pintar Kuliah (KIP-K). The research method was conducted by representing student data as a universal set and grouping them based on faculty attributes, scientific fields, and KIP-K status. The analysis results show that Set Theory successfully models the academic data structure formally through the concepts of partition, intersection, and set difference. Out of a total of 2,917 students who passed the SNBT, 899 students (30.82%) were declared eligible for KIP-K. The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) recorded the highest ratio of KIP-K recipients (45.32%), while the Faculty of Medicine had the lowest ratio (13.88%). This modeling proves that set theory acts not only as a theoretical concept in discrete mathematics but also as a practical analytical instrument in academic information systems.
Set Theory, Discrete Mathematics, Academic Data, KIP-Kuliah, SNBT UNIMAL
Copyright (c) 2026 Farid Deza Amin Nur Rasyid, Arlin Fajar Saragih, Muslim Gunawan, Syahrandy Fazra, Maryana (Author)
Implementasi Konsep Fungsi dalam Perancangan Basis Data Sederhana pada Sistem Informasi Akademik
Good database design is the foundation of a reliable Academic Information System (SIAKAD). However, many designers work intuitively without a solid theoretical basis, making them prone to redundancy and operational anomalies. This study examines the implementation of functions in discrete mathematics as a formal basis for SIAKAD relational database design.The method uses a literature review with a comparative conceptual analysis approach, including identifying SIAKAD entities, mapping function concepts to functional dependencies, analyzing functional dependencies, normalization up to the third normal form (3NF), and modeling relational schemas.The results show a direct correspondence between mathematical functions and relational database elements: function domains relate to primary keys, codomains to non-key attributes, injective functions to UNIQUE constraints, surjective functions to FOREIGN KEY coverage, and composite functions to transitive dependencies. Applying this mapping to the SIAKAD case study yielded four normalized relational schemas, Student, Course, Lecturer, and Grade, which are free from redundancy and data anomalies. This research provides a systematic conceptual framework for database designers to integrate discrete mathematics principles into the design process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ulya Farhan Farhan, Maryana, S.Si., M.Si., Dio (Author); Rasyya, Lukman (Translator)
Analisis Penyebaran Informasi Hoaks pada Media Sosial di Era Digital Menggunakan Metode Systematic Literature Review
The rapid development of social media has significantly changed how information is created, shared, and consumed by society. Alongside these advancements, the spread of misinformation and hoaxes has become a major challenge, affecting public trust, social stability, and decision-making. Hoaxes are intentionally fabricated or misleading information disseminated through digital platforms to manipulate public opinion or create confusion. This study aims to analyze the dissemination of hoax information on social media and identify effective prevention strategies through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Relevant scientific articles published between 2021 and 2025 were collected from reputable databases using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that Facebook, WhatsApp, X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, and TikTok are the primary platforms for hoax dissemination. Factors influencing the rapid spread of hoaxes include low digital literacy, algorithm-driven content distribution, emotional user responses, and the ease of sharing information. Furthermore, machine learning, deep learning, and Natural Language Processing (NLP) have become the dominant approaches for automated hoax detection. Preventive efforts require collaboration among governments, digital platforms, educational institutions, and society through digital literacy programs, content verification mechanisms, and advanced detection technologies. This study provides a comprehensive overview of current research trends and offers recommendations for improving information integrity in digital environments.
Hoax, Social Media, Systematic Literature Review, Digital Literacy, Information Security
Eva Riste Amelia Br Ginting Eva Riste Amelia Br Ginting
Copyright (c) 2026 Garwita Garwita Rasikha, Maulidayana, Intan Maulana , Eva Riste Amelia Br Ginting, Maryana S.Si, M.Si (Author)
Implementasi Penyembunyian Dokumen DOCX Menggunakan Enkripsi AES (Fernet) dan Teknik File Fusing Berbasis Python
This study discusses the implementation of a document concealment technique for DOCX files using a combination of AES (Fernet) encryption and a Python-based file fusing method. The main objective of this research is to enhance file-level data security by encrypting document content and embedding it within a host file (e.g., an image) without altering the functionality of the host file. The research methodology includes the analysis of the AES algorithm, encryption and decryption processes, the implementation of file fusing, and performance evaluation in terms of time efficiency and file size growth. The results show that this method effectively maintains document confidentiality while making the hidden data difficult to detect, with the combined file size increasing only by approximately 2–5% from the original host file. This system can be applied for securing confidential data in digital environments, particularly for online distribution of sensitive documents.
AES encryption, Fernet, file fusing, document security, Python
Copyright (c) 2026 Achmadurramzi, Ashraf Zaky, Danil Muzakki, Ikhlasul Amal (Author)
Implementasi Algoritma Least Significant Bit (LSB) untuk Penyembunyian Pesan Teks pada Media Citra Digital dan Audio Berbasis Python
Information security is a crucial aspect of modern digital data exchange. Conventional security techniques, such as cryptography, often raise suspicion from third parties due to the production of unreadable encrypted data. Therefore, steganography techniques are required to conceal the very existence of secret messages within other media. This study aims to design and build a Python-based steganography application capable of embedding text messages into PNG digital images and WAV audio formats. The method employed is the Least Significant Bit (LSB), which works by manipulating the rightmost bit of image pixel data or audio samples. The application is built using the Tkinter library for the interface, alongside Pillow and Wave for media processing. Black Box testing results indicate that the application successfully performs message encoding and decoding processes accurately without compromising data integrity. Perceptually, both visually and auditorily, the resulting steganographic media suffer no significant quality degradation, making it effective in deceiving human senses and maintaining information confidentiality.
Steganography, Least Significant Bit (LSB), Python, Digital Image, WAV Audio
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulfathan Akbar, Muhammad Nafis, Daniel El Hakim, Muhammad Ichsan Faqih (Author)
Analisis Dampak Human Error Terhadap Kebocoran Data Pribadi di Kalangan Pengguna Digital
The rapid development of digital technology has increased the risk of personal data leakage, which is often caused by human error rather than system technical failures. This study aims to analyze the impact of human error, such as the use of weak passwords, clicking on phishing links, and sharing excessive information on social media, on the security of personal data. The research method used is a qualitative approach through literature review and analysis of recent data leakage cases. The results indicate that low digital literacy is the main factor contributing to human error. This study concludes that an increase in digital security awareness and education is essential to minimize the risk of data leakage caused by human factors.
Human Error, Data Leakage, Personal Data, Digital Security, Digital Literacy
Copyright (c) 2026 Dian Humaira, Nur Aza Fazlasya, Sadhi Alwi, Putra Harapan Tafonao (Author)
Analisis Sistem Autentikasi Dua Faktor (2FA) Dan Efektivitasnya Dalam Meningkatkan Keamanan Akses
The rapid development of information technology has led to an increase in security threats to digital systems, particularly in user authentication mechanisms. Single-factor authentication based solely on passwords is no longer sufficient to protect system access from attacks such as phishing, brute force, and credential stuffing. Therefore, two-factor authentication (2fa) has emerged as a solution by adding an additional layer of security. This study aims to analyze the concept of 2fa and evaluate its effectiveness in improving system access security. The research method used is a literature study of various studies and implementations of 2fa in modern information systems. The results indicate that the implementation of 2fa significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access and increases user trust in system security, despite challenges related to usability and technical implementation.
Authentication, Two-Factor Authentication, System Security, Information Systems
Copyright (c) 2026 Azkal Azkiya, Muhammad Budi Prayoga Ichsan, Nabil Azhari Putra Finula Hasibuan, Reva Andrianti, Intan Maulana (Author)
Perancangan dan Implementasi Aplikasi Steganografi Gambar Berbasis Web Menggunakan Metode Least Significant Bit (LSB)
Keamanan informasi merupakan aspek penting dalam pertukaran data digital melalui internet. Selain kriptografi, steganografi menawarkan pendekatan alternatif dengan menyembunyikan pesan rahasia di dalam media digital sehingga keberadaannya sulit dideteksi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan sistem steganografi gambar digital berbasis web menggunakan metode Least Significant Bit (LSB). Aplikasi ini dikembangkan menggunakan HTML, CSS, dan JavaScript, memungkinkan pengguna untuk menyematkan dan mengekstrak pesan teks secara langsung melalui peramban web. Metode LSB diterapkan dengan memodifikasi bit paling signifikan dari setiap byte piksel dalam gambar digital. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa pesan rahasia dapat berhasil disematkan dan diekstrak tanpa menyebabkan perbedaan visual yang signifikan antara gambar asli dan gambar stego. Oleh karena itu, metode LSB terbukti efektif untuk aplikasi steganografi berbasis web sederhana, meskipun masih memiliki keterbatasan terhadap manipulasi gambar tertentu.
Copyright (c) 2026 Atikah Sari, Meutia Rahma Kartika, Cut Mutiara Jannah, Fajar Wahyudi Batubara (Author)
Desain dan Implementasi Aplikasi Steganografi Dual Mode Berbasis Java untuk Menyembunyikan Pesan Teks dan Gambar
Steganography is a method of protecting information by hiding secret messages within a carrier medium, making their presence difficult for others to detect. This research aims to design and build a Java-based dual-mode steganography application that can hide text messages within text (text-to-text) and image messages within text (text-to-image). This application was created using the Java programming language with an object-oriented programming approach, and utilizes the Base64 encoding technique as a means of embedding data. The research methods applied included requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and application testing. The test results demonstrated that this application can effectively hide and extract text messages and images, while using a password as an additional layer of security. We hope this application can be a practical solution for maintaining the confidentiality of digital data, while also serving as a useful steganography learning tool for students.
Steganography, Information Security, Java, Base64, Data Hiding
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Sundari, Mauliza Vazira, Monica Annisa Fitri, Hafizah (Author)
Implementasi Metode LSB (Least Significant Bit) Pada Aplikasi Steganografi Citra Untuk Pengamanan Pesan Teks
Keamanan informasi dalam pertukaran data digital saat ini menghadapi tantangan besar terkait risiko penyadapan oleh pihak yang tidak berwenang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan teknik steganografi menggunakan metode Least Significant Bit (LSB) untuk mengamankan pesan teks rahasia ke dalam media citra digital. Metode LSB dipilih karena kemampuannya menyisipkan bit data pada lapisan bit paling rendah dari piksel citra sehingga tidak mengubah kualitas visual secara signifikan (imperceptibility). Pengembangan aplikasi ini mencakup proses penyisipan (embedding) dan pengambilan kembali (extracting) pesan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi mampu mengekstraksi pesan dengan tingkat akurasi 100% tanpa adanya kerusakan data. Selain itu, analisis visual membuktikan bahwa citra hasil steganografi tetap terjaga kualitasnya dan sulit dibedakan dengan citra asli oleh indra penglihatan manusia, sehingga efektif dalam menjaga kerahasiaan informasi selama proses transmisi.
Steganografi, Least Significant Bit (LSB), Keamanan Pesan, Citra Digital, Imperceptibility.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufik Ismail Karo Karo, Ahmad Fadhil Herlambang, Putri Alifi Nurfadhilla, Muhammad Fachrul (Author)
Analisis Serangan Phising Dan Upaya Pencegahannya Pada Sistem Informasi
Phishing attacks continue to evolve into increasingly complex cyber threats, particularly with the emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) technologies capable of producing realistic fraudulent content. This study highlights the ineffectiveness of traditional blacklist-based security methods in countering dynamic attacks that exploit both technical and psychological vulnerabilities of users. The objective of this research is to analyze the technical characteristics and masquerading patterns of current phishing attacks. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study examines 14 active phishing URL samples from the 2024-2025 period through URL Feature Analysis. The results indicate that 80% of the samples have adopted the HTTPS protocol to manipulate user trust. Furthermore, the study identifies a dominance of typosquatting techniques and the abuse of cheap Top-Level Domains (TLDs) that often bypass standard security detection. The research concludes that effective cyber defense requires the integration of adaptive strategies, combining intelligent Machine Learning-based detection systems with comprehensive security awareness training to mitigate risks associated with human error.
Phishing, Cybersecurity, URL Analysis, Machine Learning, Social Engineering.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fiqri Alwan, Ramzi Al Pasha , Eka Prasetya Kaspandiri , Muhammad Dzaky Al Fariz (Author)
IMPLEMENTASI HILL CHIPER DAN STEGANOGRAFI GAMBAR BERBASIS WEB
Information security is an important requirement in digital communications, especially in webbased systems that are vulnerable to interception. This study aims to implement the Hill Cipher algorithm and image steganography as methods of securing web-based messages. The Hill Cipher is used to encrypt text messages, while the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method is applied to insert encrypted messages into digital images. The research methodology includes the stages of encryption, message insertion, extraction, and decryption. The test results show that messages are successfully encrypted and inserted into images without causing significant visual changes. This system enhances message security because messages are not only encrypted but also hidden. Thus, the combination of Hill Cipher and image steganography is effective as a web-based data security solution.
Hill chiper, steganography, LSB, Data Security, Web
Copyright (c) 2026 Diva Insyarah Kausar, Nazwa Alviona, Khairatul Asyura, Elisabeth Dhea Chrysty Arnani Jikwa (Author)
Pengembangan Aplikasi Steganografi Multiformat untuk Penyisipan Data pada Media Citra, Audio, dan Dokumen Digital
Information security has become a critical issue in modern digital communication, especially with the massive exchange of multimedia data across open networks. Cryptography is widely used to protect message content; however, encrypted data often attracts attention and may raise suspicion. Steganography provides an alternative approach by concealing secret data within digital media in an imperceptible manner. This study aims to develop a multiformat steganography application capable of embedding and extracting confidential data in images, audio files, and digital documents. The proposed system supports image-based least significant bit (LSB) techniques, audio LSB embedding, and document-based methods using metadata and zero-width characters. The application is implemented using Python and designed with a modular architecture to ensure extensibility and usability. Experimental results show that the application successfully embeds and extracts hidden messages across all supported media formats without causing noticeable degradation in media quality. The findings demonstrate that multiformat steganography can enhance information security by providing flexible and covert data-hiding capabilities suitable for various digital communication scenarios.
steganography, information security, multimedia, data hiding, multiformat
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Mayluddin Villanda, Kelvin Alfarezy, Riski Agustio , M. Alisud Nasution (Author)
Tinjauan Literatur: Evaluasi Metode Least Significant Bit (LSB) dalam Steganografi Berdasarkan Alasan Penggunaan dan Efektivitasnya terhadap Keamanan Data Digital
The rapid development of information technology has facilitated the exchange of digital data, but it has also given rise to various threats to information security. Steganography is one technique used to hide confidential data, with the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method being the most widely used approach due to its simplicity. This article aims to evaluate the reasons for using the LSB method in steganography, its weaknesses, and its effectiveness in digital data security. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by reviewing relevant scientific articles obtained through the Google Scholar database. The literature selection process was carried out systematically using the PRISMA protocol. The results of the study show that the LSB method is widely used because of its ease of implementation, processing speed, adequate insertion capacity, and ability to maintain the visual quality of the disguised image. However, this method has limitations, particularly low resistance to noise, lossy compression, image manipulation, and steganalysis attacks when used alone. Therefore, the LSB method is considered quite effective for visual concealment, but it needs to be combined with additional security techniques to improve digital data security.
Steganography, Least Significant Bit, Data Security, Systematic Literature Review, Digital Data Security.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hadaya Imtiyaza Syarifa, Livia Febriati, Vannianti Nabilla Putri (Author)
Uji penetrasi jaringan wireless dan IoT dengan tools open - source pada lingkungan virtual
Wireless network security and Internet of Things (IoT) device vulnerabilities have become critical issues in the digital era, especially with the growing reliance on smart devices in household, industrial, and urban environments. Many IoT devices and Wi-Fi networks currently in use remain susceptible to various attacks such as sniffing, spoofing, and brute-force, which can be exploited by malicious actors to steal sensitive information or gain unauthorized control of devices remotely. This study aims to conduct penetration testing on wireless systems and IoT devices within a safe and controlled virtual environment to identify potential security loopholes. The methodology involves setting up a virtual testbed using VirtualBox and the Kali Linux operating system, employing open-source tools such as Aircrack-ng, Nmap, Bettercap, and Wireshark. Attack simulations were carried out on wireless network configurations and virtual IoT devices under common scenarios such as credential theft, traffic surveillance, and denial-of-service (DoS) attempts. The test results indicate that several IoT devices remain highly vulnerable to basic attacks such as sniffing and brute-force login attempts, while wireless networks using WPA2 encryption are also exploitable under certain conditions. These findings highlight the urgent need to improve network security through stronger encryption standards, network segmentation, and device hardening. This study is expected to serve as a reference for developing open-source-based cybersecurity defense systems to protect IoT ecosystems from increasingly sophisticated threats.
Penetration Testing, Wireless Security, IoT, Open-Source Tools, Virtual Environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafiz Fadhillah, Faris An Nura, Langlang Soeltanul Aulia Aurelsosa, Teuku Farhan Damiri, Muhammad Subhan, Muhammad Zada Zayyan (Author)
Pengembangan Sistem Steganografi Berbasis Web Menggunakan Metode Least Significant Bit (LSB)
Concealing digital information within images has become increasingly important with the growing demand for data security in the digital era. This research develops a web-based steganography system using the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method to hide secret messages within digital images. The system is designed with a user-friendly web interface featuring two main functions: (1) "Hide Message" feature to embed secret messages into images and (2) "Extract Message" feature to extract hidden messages from stego-images. The implementation includes optional security features with password protection, enabling users to perform encoding and decoding processes without requiring specialized technical expertise. Modern web technologies are utilized to ensure accessibility, fast processing speed, and preservation of image quality after message embedding. System testing includes functionality evaluation, image quality analysis using Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) metrics, and user experience testing. Research results demonstrate that the system successfully extracts messages with perfect accuracy ("yok kerja yok") while maintaining image visual quality. The system can be applied in secret communication applications, digital watermarking, and intellectual property protection. In conclusion, the development of this web-based steganography system provides a practical and accessible solution to protect digital information privacy through a user-friendly interface suitable for all user levels.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aiman Fawwaz, Alifmulya Rahman, Muhammad Akbar , Rahmad Hidayah Damanik (Author)
Analisis Mekanisme Pertahanan Sistem Operasi Terhadap Berbagai Variasi Virus Komputer Modern
Evolusi ancaman siber yang pesat telah mengubah virus komputer sederhana menjadi entitas yang sangat canggih, seperti malware polimorfik dan serangan tanpa file (fileless). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan analisis mendalam mengenai mekanisme pertahanan internal pada sistem operasi (OS) modern. Metodologi penelitian melibatkan evaluasi teknis terhadap beberapa lapis perlindungan, termasuk integritas memori, keamanan berbasis virtualisasi, dan integrasi algoritma pembelajaran mesin untuk deteksi perilaku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun deteksi berbasis tanda tangan (signature) tradisional mulai usang, kombinasi antara keamanan berbasis perangkat keras (TPM) dan analisis heuristik dinamis menawarkan perlindungan yang kokoh terhadap eksploitasi zero-day. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sinergi antara isolasi tingkat kernel dan kecerdasan berbasis awan (cloud) sangat penting untuk menjaga integritas sistem di era ancaman yang terus berkembang secara persisten
Keamanan Sistem Operasi, Mitigasi Virus, Deteksi AI, Perlindungan Kernel, Pertahanan Siber
Copyright (c) 2026 Habib Habsyi Al-Qudsyi , Syifa Ul Qalbi, Nur Amelia Sofiyani , Ahmat Fahri Matondang, Ariifah Yaasir Harahap, Vanes Jaya Sandria (Author)
Implementasi Enkripsi dan Dekripsi Teks Menggunakan Metode Substitusi Huruf
Kriptografi merupakan salah satu teknik penting dalam menjaga kerahasiaan informasi, terutama pada proses pengiriman pesan melalui media yang rawan diakses pihak tidak berwenang. Penelitian ini membahas implementasi enkripsi dan dekripsi teks menggunakan metode substitusi huruf manual sebagai bentuk kriptografi sederhana. Metode ini bekerja dengan menggantikan setiap huruf pada teks asli dengan huruf lain berdasarkan kamus enkripsi yang telah ditentukan, sedangkan proses dekripsi dilakukan menggunakan kamus invers untuk mengembalikan pesan ke bentuk semula. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa proses enkripsi mampu menyamarkan pesan secara efektif sehingga tidak dapat dibaca secara langsung tanpa kamus yang sesuai. Selain itu, proses dekripsi berhasil mengembalikan seluruh teks terenkripsi ke bentuk asli tanpa kehilangan atau perubahan data, yang menandakan integritas pesan tetap terjaga. Meskipun memiliki keterbatasan terhadap analisis frekuensi, metode ini dinilai efisien, fleksibel, dan mudah diimplementasikan, sehingga cocok digunakan untuk pembelajaran kriptografi dasar dan pengamanan pesan dengan tingkat kerahasiaan sederhana
Kriptografi, Enkripsi, Dekripsi, Substitusi Huruf.
Copyright (c) 2026 T. M. Fadhil Aqsa, Rizky Hidayatullah (Author)
Perancangan Dan Implementasi Aplikasi Steganografi Gambar Berbasis GUI Untuk Keamanan Pesan
Steganography is one of the information hiding techniques aimed at maintaining message confidentiality by embedding secret data into digital media without causing noticeable visual changes. This research focuses on the design and implementation of an image steganography application with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that enables users to embed and extract secret text messages from digital images easily and practically. The Least Significant Bit (LSB) method is employed as the main approach, where message bits are inserted into the least significant bits of image pixels without significantly altering the visual quality of the stego-image. The development stages include requirement analysis, system design, interface design, application implementation using the Python programming language, and functional testing of message embedding and extraction features. Experimental results show that the application is able to embed text messages into digital images successfully and the hidden messages can be retrieved correctly without data loss. In addition, the stego-images do not exhibit noticeable visual differences compared to the original images, indicating that the embedded messages are not easily detected. Therefore, the developed application is considered effective as a supporting tool for maintaining message confidentiality in digital communication.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fijri Ahmad Yasin, Rahman Shobirin, Alwandi Hakim, Muhammad Hamdan Quddri Lubis (Author)
Implementasi Teknik Hibrida Enkripsi Aes Dan Steganografi Multi-Platform Pada Aplikasi Berbasis Web 'Steganoid'
In the era of massive digital information exchange, data security has evolved from mere encryption to the need for confidentiality regarding the existence of the data itself. This research report presents an in-depth analysis, design, and evaluation of SteganoID, a web-based steganography application developed to fulfill the requirements of the Cryptography and Steganography course at Universitas Malikussaleh (UNIMAL). The application integrates the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptographic algorithm with Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography techniques and file structure modifications for image, audio, and PDF document media. This study explores the effectiveness of a hybrid approach in securing the text message "UNIMAL HEBAT" within the xrank.pdf file, as demonstrated in system testing. By leveraging client-side processing capabilities through modern JavaScript and HTML5 APIs, SteganoID offers a portable security solution without requiring software installation, mitigating privacy risks associated with server-side processing. This report comprehensively outlines the theoretical foundation, system architecture, interface implementation, and analysis of robustness against steganalysis attacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farid Kurniawan, Abdul Muzakky, Nuafal Aziz Mulyono, Ahmat Fahri Matondang (Author)
Rancang Bangun Sistem Steganografi Multi-format LSB dan Enkripsi Fernet Berbasis Python
This research designs a data security system using Python by integrating Fernet Encryption and LSB Steganograph. The system features multi-format capabilities, allowing users to embed text or files into image and audio media. The process begins by encrypting data using a password-based key, which is then embedded into the least significant bits of the carrier media. Experimental results demonstrate that the system effectively maintains data confidentiality with high visual quality. However, the embedding capacity is strictly limited by the size of the carrier media; oversized files cannot be processed if they exceed the available LSB bit space. This system provides an effective solution for small to medium- scale data protection through double-layer security.
Copyright (c) 2026 Divaul Khairah, Melinda, Isyatul Muna, Kharina (Author)
Implementasi Metode Steganografi Least Significant Bit (LSB) dalam Menyembunyikan Pesan Teks pada Citra Digital
In the digital era vulnerable to data security threats, Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography emerges as an innovative technique for concealing sensitive text messages within digital images without altering visual perception. This study implements an adaptive LSB algorithm on 512x512 pixel grayscale and RGB images, employing random pixel selection based on a secret key to enhance resistance against statistical steganalysis. The embedding process converts text to binary and substitutes the LSB of the green channel, followed by reversible extraction achieving 100% accuracy under ideal conditions. Evaluation on standard datasets yields an average PSNR of 51.8 dB, MSE of 12.4, and embedding capacity up to 0.48 bpp, outperforming conventional LSB by 4-7% in imperceptibility and JPEG compression robustness (92% recovery rate). These findings affirm LSB's potential for practical information security applications, recommending hybrid cryptography integration to bolster resilience against adaptive attacks.
LSB steganography, text hiding, digital images, PSNR, data security.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fariha Adha Zalsya, Nuril Azillah, Maulia Sakira, Aisyah (Author)
Implementasi Steganografi pada Citra Digital Menggunakan Metode Least Significant Bit (LSB) dengan Pengamanan Pesan Menggunakan Kriptografi Sederhana
Steganography is a technique used to conceal secret information within digital media in order to prevent unauthorized parties from detecting the existence of the message. One commonly used approach is the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method due to its simplicity and high imperceptibility. However, if the hidden message is successfully extracted, the confidentiality of its content may still be at risk. Therefore, this research implements a digital image steganography system using the LSB method, in which the secret message is first encrypted using a simple encryption mechanism before the embedding process. The encrypted message is then embedded into a digital image by modifying the least significant bits of pixel values. The developed web-based application allows users to embed and extract secret messages effectively. The results show that the embedding and extraction processes are successfully performed, and the stego image does not exhibit noticeable visual differences compared to the original image. These results indicate that the proposed approach can conceal secret messages while maintaining acceptable visual quality of the image.
Steganography, Least Significant Bit (LSB), Digital Image, Simple Encryption, Information Security
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Haykhal Nasution, Nura Dara Anrilva, Nazwa Salsabilah, Shafa Adira Rizky (Author)
Implementasi Metode Least Significant Bit dan Advanced Encryption Standard pada Aplikasi Steganografi Berbasis Web
Information security is a crucial aspect in the digital era, particularly in data transmission over the internet. In addition to cryptography, steganography serves as an alternative approach that conceals the existence of information itself. This study aims to design and implement a web-based digital steganography application by integrating the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The LSB method is used to embed data into digital images by modifying the least significant bits, while AES encrypts the payload prior to embedding. The application is developed using PHP and a web-based interface. The results indicate that the system can embed text messages and document files into digital images without significantly affecting visual quality, and the hidden data can only be extracted using the correct password. Therefore, the integration of steganography and cryptography provides a dual-layer security mechanism for protecting digital information.
Steganography, Least Significant Bit, AES, Information Security, Web Application
Copyright (c) 2026 Nazrivan Ibrahim Siregar, Bayu Samudera, romi okto rifansah panggabean, ibnu fauzan (Author)
Implementasi Penyembunyian Data pada Metadata PNG Menggunakan Enkripsi Fernet (AES) Berbasis Password dengan Python
The rapid exchange of digital information necessitates robust security measures to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access. This research proposes a hybrid security model combining cryptography and steganography to hide information within PNG image metadata. The system utilizes Fernet symmetric encryption, which is built on top of AES-128, to secure the message before embedding it into the metadata fields. A password-based key derivation ensures that only authorized users can decrypt the content. By leveraging Python for implementation, the study demonstrates that metadata-based steganography provides a secure alternative to traditional pixel-based methods, as it does not alter the visual quality of the image. The results indicate that the encrypted metadata is resilient to basic image viewing while maintaining data integrity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ulvia Rahmi, Mutia Hafizah Quranul, Putri Dian , Rahmtul Amna (Author)
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Steganografi Berbasis Web Menggunakan Metode Least Significant Bit (LSB) Dan XOR Untuk Enkripsi File Berbasis Citra
Data security is vital in digital exchange, yet standard Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography remains vulnerable to unauthorized extraction. This study aims to develop a web-based steganography application combining LSB with Exclusive OR (XOR) encryption to enhance confidentiality. The proposed method involves encrypting secret data using XOR operations before embedding it into the cover image's LSB. The application is built on a web platform for accessibility, and the resulting image quality is evaluated using Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). The results demonstrate that the system successfully embeds and extracts data intactly. The obtained PSNR values exceed 40 dB, indicating that the stego-images maintain high visual fidelity indistinguishable from the original images, thereby offering a robust solution for secure data transmission.
Steganography, LSB, XOR, Web Application, Data Security.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indra Firmansyah, Bayu Winata, Diana Azkia, Rahmatul Ula (Author)
Analisis Pengaruh Panjang Pesan terhadap Kualitas Citra pada Steganografi LSB
This study examines how variations in message length influence image quality in Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography. Steganography embeds secret information into digital images, and LSB is one of the simplest and most widely applied techniques due to its low computational cost and ease of implementation. However, increasing the payload size may degrade the visual quality of the stego-image and make it more susceptible to detection. The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between the amount of embedded data and the resulting image quality. The method involves embedding messages of different lengths into a set of test images using the LSB approach, followed by quantitative quality assessment through metrics such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Squared Error (MSE). Experimental results indicate that longer embedded messages lead to a gradual decline in visual quality, reflected by decreasing PSNR values and increasing MSE scores, although moderate payloads still maintain acceptable image fidelity. These findings highlight the trade-off between capacity and imperceptibility in LSB-based steganography and provide useful guidance for determining suitable message sizes in practical data-hiding applications.
STEGANOGRAPHY, LSB, IMAGE QUALITY, MESSAGE LENGTH, PSNR.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andre Ardiansah, Teuku Zakkiansyah, Elandri Gunawan , Muhammad Kharizky Rachman Kombih (Author)
Strategi Layanan Keamanan Siber pada Ekosistem Multi-Platform: Tinjauan Literatur
The rapid escalation of digital technology adoption has compelled modern organizations to operate within complex multi-platform ecosystems, integrating diverse operating systems, mobile devices, web applications, and cloud services. While this convergence enhances operational agility, it significantly expands the potential attack surface, exposing critical assets to sophisticated cyber threats. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology to evaluate and compare contemporary cybersecurity strategies. Analyzing 15 primary studies selected from reputable databases between 2018 and 2024, this research contrasts the efficacy of Perimeter-based models, Defense-in-Depth, and Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA). The findings demonstrate that traditional static security perimeters are obsolete in decentralized environments. Conversely, a hybrid approach combining Zero Trust with AI-driven threat detection offers superior resilience, reducing incident response latency and preventing lateral movement. The study concludes by proposing an integrated security framework that positions cybersecurity as a strategic business enabler rather than a technical support function.
cybersecurity, multi-platform, systematic literature review, zero trust, defense in depth
Copyright (c) 2026 Khairudiah, Reifan, Alam Al Hasbi, Nasywa Az zahra, Farid Deza Amin (Author)
Studi Keamanan Akun Media Sosial Mahasiswa Terhadap Serangan Phising Berbasis Social Engineering
The massive use of social media among university students provides convenience in communication, information exchange, and academic activities. However, this condition also increases the risk of cybercrime, particularly phishing attacks based on social engineering. Phishing exploits psychological manipulation to deceive victims into revealing sensitive information such as passwords, OTP codes, and personal data. This study aims to analyze students’ awareness of social media account security, identify common forms of phishing attacks experienced, and determine factors contributing to students’ vulnerability. This research employs a quantitative descriptive method by distributing online questionnaires to active university students. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify behavioral patterns and security awareness levels. The results indicate that most students have moderate to low digital security awareness, reflected in password reuse across platforms and low adoption of two-factor authentication. Furthermore, most respondents have encountered phishing messages in the form of fake links, prize scams, and account verification requests. The main vulnerability factors include limited cybersecurity literacy, high levels of trust, and lack of information verification. This study highlights the importance of digital security education and improved cybersecurity literacy among students to reduce the risk of social engineering-based phishing attacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yasir Muammar, Juliana, Maila Azizah, Hafifatul Hafizah, Maita Berliana Sari, Khairunnisa (Author)