Ergonomic Analysis Based on Human-Centered Design for Batik Solo Trans Shelter

Abstract

Public transportation facilities need to accommodate diverse user characteristics to ensure safety, comfort, accessibility, and usability. Batik Solo Trans (BST) shelter in Surakarta still present several ergonomic issues related to seating comfort, wheelchair accessibility, information facilities, thermal conditions, boarding safety, and physical support for standing users. This study aims to conduct an ergonomic analysis based on Human-Centered Design (HCD) to identify user needs and ergonomic problems and translate them into design requirements for improving BST shelter facilities. The study integrates ergonomic evaluation and HCD through observation, anthropometric assessment, user needs identification, accessibility evaluation, and analysis of environmental and user–facility interactions. The results identified seven major design requirements: ergonomic seating dimensions, adequate wheelchair maneuvering space, an accessible wheelchair ramp with an appropriate slope, ergonomic information placement, improved shelter and ventilation, a safer boarding interface, and strategically positioned handrails. The findings demonstrate that accessibility should be considered as an integrated system, particularly regarding the relationship between ramp slope, circulation space, and wheelchair maneuverability. The integration of ergonomic evidence with user needs provides a structured basis for developing a more inclusive and user-oriented BST shelter design. The proposed approach can be applied as a design reference for improving public transportation facilities by considering anthropometric compatibility, accessibility, safety, comfort, and usability. Further research is required to validate the proposed design through prototype implementation and user-based usability testing under actual operating conditions.